|
Dogra〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dogra dynasty | India | Britannica.com )〕 was a Hindu Rajput dynasty which traced its roots to the Ikshvaku dynasty of northern India. The rulers of the dynasty were Dogra Rajputs〔 and the royal house of Jammu and Kashmir. The ''Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir'' was the ruler of the erstwhile Indian princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. The first ruler was Gulab Singh, who became Raja, Governor-General, of Jammu principality through a grant from the Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and subsequently accepted the throne of Kashmir after the First Anglo-Sikh war. The principality of Jammu was ruled by Raja Gulab Singh as a governor of Sikh Empire till 1846. After the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1846, under the terms of the Treaty of Amritsar, the British government sold Kashmir to Maharaja Gulab Singh and the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, the second largest princely state in British India, was created. Further expansions in the 19th century, including the assimilation of the Principality of Gilgit and the emirates of Hunza & Nagar under the reigns of Maharajas Partab Singh and Ranbir Singh would grow the territory of the empire to 222,870 sq km of Himalayan lands. Thus making Jammu and Kashmir the largest royal state in British India at the time of the partition in 1947. After the First World War the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir was granted a hereditary 21-gun salute in recognition for the service of his soldiers for the British cause. This was the highest number given to any salute state with only 5 of the 565 princely states attaining the honour. During the Second World War as well as providing soldiers for the allied cause the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir served as a member of Churchill's British War Cabinet. The last ruling Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir was Hari Singh who had ascended to the throne in 1925 after his uncle Pratab Singh died with no direct heir. In October 1947, Hari Singh conceded partial governance of the state to India by the Instrument of Accession after being unable to suppress Pashtun uprisings allegedly backed by Pakistan. By this treaty signed with India's Governor-General Lord Louis Mountbatten, India's jurisdiction was limited to external affairs, defence and communications. However in 1949, after the First Kashmir War between India and Pakistan he was obliged by India to leave the state and it's governance to Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah.〔 The disputed nature of the Instrument of Accession would leave the region embroiled in the ongoing armed Kashmir conflict and later further plagued by the extremist Islamic insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir. After Hari Singh passed away, his son Karan Singh never officially adopted the title of Maharaja and was the only royal of a princely state to voluntarily surrender his privy purse. Instead he was appointed Prince Regent by Nehru's intervention, after which he continued to serve as the President of Jammu and Kashmir and then as it's Governor under India. Later Dr. Karan Singh would serve as a cabinet minister in the Government of India that abolished all official symbols of princely India, including titles, privileges, and remuneration (privy purses) by the promulgation of the 26th constitutional amendment in 1971. Though in 2015, the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir declared that "it has been authoritatively ruled by the Supreme Court that signing of Instrument of Accession did not affect the sovereignty of Maharaja over his State." The Dogras continue to play a role in politics in the state of Jammu & Kashmir and India. ==History of Dogra rulers== According to legend, Raghuvanshi descendant, Agnigarba, who was living as a recluse, came to Nagarkot (Kangra, Himachal Pradesh), in the Shivalik Hills. When the Raja of Kangra came to know about this person's ancestry, he offered him the hand of his daughter and a part of kingdom. The river Ravi was then the boundary of Nagarkote. Agnigarba crossed it and captured some villages in the Kathua area and declared himself as sovereign king. After his death, his son Bayusharva (B.C. 1530 – 1500) married the princess of Parole (Kathua). The princess was known as Erwan and she died young. The Raja founded a city after her which is still found near Parole, though now a small village and at the 'Samadhi' of the queen, a 'Mela' (fair) is held at every 'Baisakhi' (13 or 14 April) every year. Bayusharva extended the boundaries up to the river Ujh. Bayusharva's great grandson, Bahulochan was enthroned after his death. He migrated from Erwan and built his fort on the banks of river Tawi. Bahulochan died in a bloody battle with Chadaras, Raja of Sialkot (Shayalkot) and his younger brother Jambulochan (B.C 1320–1290) ascended the throne. In those days the area beyond Tawi (the present city of Jammu) was used for hunting. Tradition has it that one day Jambulochan came to this area and while he was sitting behind a bush to ambush some bird or animal, he saw a lion (a tiger in some accounts) and a goat drinking water from the same pond. This peaceful coexistence encouraged him to found the city of Jammu, which some say is named after him. One of his descendants, Raja Shaktikaran (B.C 1200–1177) introduced the Dogri script for the first time. Another of his descendants, Jasdev founded the city of Jasrota on the bank of river Ujh, and another Raja, Karan Dev built a fort on the banks of the river Basantar. In the early centuries of the first millennium the area came under the sway of the Indo-Greeks, with their capital at Sagala (Sialkot). Among the rulers of Jammu was Raja Ranjit Dev (1728–1780), who introduced social reforms such as a ban on sati (immolation of the wife on the pyre of the husband) and female infanticide. In 1808, Jammu became part of the Sikh Empire, under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh bestowed the place as a jagir on Gulab Singh, who belonged to the Jamwal Rajput clan that ruled Jammu. As a Jagirdar (Governor) for the Sikhs, Gulab Singh extended the boundaries of the Sikh Empire to western Tibet with the help of his fine General Zorawar Singh. The Sikh rule was then extended beyond the Jammu Region and the Kashmir Valley to include the Tibetan Buddhist Kingdom of Ladakh and the Emirates of Hunza, Gilgit and Nagar. After the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1846, Sir Henry Lawrence was appointed British Resident and Lal Singh was asked to surrender Kashmir.〔(Raja Lal Singh )〕 Under the terms of the Treaty of Amritsar, the British government then sold Kashmir for a sum of 7.5 million Nanakshahee rupees to Maharaja Gulab Singh. Thus the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir came into being under Maharaja Gulab Singh, as per the treaties, Treaty of Lahore, signed between the British and the Sikhs. Maharaja Partab Singh (enthroned in 1885) saw the construction of Banihal Cart Road (B.C. Road) mainly to facilitate telegraph services. One of the main residences of the Maharajas was the Sher Garhi Palace in their summer capital Srinagar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dogra dynasty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|